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DIFFERENCES IN MOTIVATIONS OVER TIME BY while beginners struggle to achieve, intermediates are
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT: AN EXAMINATION drawn more by excitement and risk, advanced participants
OF PREIPOST ADVENTURE RECREATION focus on self-actualization, and experts seek new
EXPERIENCES challenges to stay involved.
Introduction
Sharon L. Todd
Expectancy-value theory (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975) states
that individuals may have a variety of motives for
Assistant Professor, Recreation Leisure Studies, SUNY participating in an activity. Furthermore, persons within
Cortland, P.O. Box 2000, Cortland,NY 13045.
that activity may seek totally different outcomes (Ditton,
Fedler, Graefe, 1982). In order to understand
Lynn Anderson motivational differences more clearly, some studies have
focused on describing relationships between level of past
Professor Chair, Recreation Leisure Studies, SUNY
experience and motives. For instance, Schrayer, Lime, and
Cortland, P.O. Box 2000, Cortland,NY 13045.
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