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LETTER
doi:10.1038/nature10262
Neural network computation with DNA strand
displacement cascades
1 1,2,3 3,4
Lulu Qian , Erik Winfree Jehoshua Bruck
The impressive capabilities of the mammalian brain—ranging from desirable for molecular circuits, is that complex computations can be
perception, pattern recognition and memory formation to decision carried out by networks with just a few layers and even with unreliable
making and motor activity control—have inspired their re-creation components—a feature that linear threshold circuits share23.
in a wide range of artificial intelligence systems for applications such We first introduce the simple DNA gate architecture, based on what
as face recognition, anomaly detection, medical diagnosis and we call the ‘seesaw’ gate motif, which we use for building arbitrary linear
robotic vehicle control1. Yet before neuron-based brains evolved, threshold circuits. Because DNA hybridization depends primarily on
complex biomolecular circuits provided individual cells with the the logic of Watson–Crick base-pairing, many instances of the same
‘intelligent’ behaviour required for survival2. However, the study of molecular motif can be created by assigning different sequence choices
how molecules can ‘think’ has not produced an equal variety of com- for each logical domain. The abstract diagram for the seesaw gate motif
putational models and applications of artificial chemical systems. (Fig. 1a) provides a concise representation of a full DNA implementa-
Although biomolecular systems have been hypothesized to carry
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