Lecture 5a Internet.pptVIP

Lecture 5The Internet THE INTERNET Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services No single organization owns or controls Estimated 100 million users Internet Games video HISTORY OF THE INTERNET Started as a network of four computers at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1969 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANET 35 million computers today Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet HISTORY OF THE INTERNET Backbone now provided by variety of corporations Various organizations help define standards HOW THE INTERNET WORKS Internet Service Providers (ISP) and Online Services Have permanent connections to the Internet Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee Local and national ISPs Local ISP provides 1 or more local tel. No. to provide access to Internet, national ISPs serves major cities towns nationawide Local tel. No for access Online services offer members only areas Include news, weather, travel guides, etc THE INTERNET Connecting to the Internet Business or school network connected to the Internet Dial-up access ISDN Cable modems HOW THE INTERNET WORKS How Data Travels the Internet Server Client Packets Routers Packet switching TCP-IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol) HOW THE INTERNET WORKS How Data Travels the Internet Backbone Network Access Points (NAPs) Metropolitan Area Exchanges (NAEs) National ISPs (backbone providers) HOW THE INTERNET WORKS Internet Addresses IP (Internet protocol) address Geographic region Company or organization Computer group Specific computer Domain name system (DNS) Domain name Top-level domain (TLD) Top-level domain abbreviations Country codes Domain name servers THE WORLD WIDE WEB WWW – started in 1991 A collection of electronic documents with built-in hyperlinks to other related documents Web page – electronic document Web site – a collection of related web pages Uniform Resource Locat