Comparative Genome and Proteome Analysis of Anopheles gambiae.pptVIP

Comparative Genome andProteome Analysis of Anophelesgambiae and Drosophilamelanogaster Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Christian von Mering, Ivica Letunic, David Torrents, Mikita Suyama, Richard R. Copley, George K. Christophides, Dana Thomasova, Robert A. Holt, G. Mani Subramanian, Hans-Michael Mueller, George Dimopoulos, John H. Law, Michael A. Wells, Ewan Birney, Rosane Charlab, Aaron L. Halpern, Elena Kokoza, Cheryl L. Kraft, Zhongwu Lai, Suzanna Lewis, Christos Louis, Carolina Barillas-Mury, Deborah Nusskern, Gerald M. Rubin, Steven L. Salzberg, Granger G. Sutton, Pantelis Topalis, Ron Wides, Patrick Wincker, Mark Yandell, Frank H. Collins, Jose Ribeiro, William M. Gelbart, Fotis C. Kafatos, Peer Bork Why Anopheles gambiae? It is the principal vector of malaria It carries many other infectious diseases Malaria afflicts more than 500?million people More than 1?million people die each year from malaria The Culprit Why Drosophila melanogaster One of the most intensively studied organisms in biology Serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes Modest genome size ~ 180 MB Its genome has been sequenced in 2000 Mosquito vs. Fruit Fly They diverged about 250 million years ago (Human and pufferfish diverged about 450 million years ago) Share considerable similarities Half of the genes in both genomes are interpreted as orthologs Average sequence identity about 56%, Mosquito vs. Fruit Fly Anopheles genome is twice the size of Drosophila Female Anopheles feeds on blood (Hematophagy), which is essential for egg development and propagation Viruses and parasites use Anopheles as a vehicle for transmission Orthologs Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation Typically retain the same function in the course of evolution Paralogs Genes related by duplication within an organism and have evolved a related but different function Predict the function of a n