电力电缆故障诊断和定位.doc

摘要 电缆故障的探测一般要经过诊断、测距（又称粗测）、定点（又称精测）三个步骤。通过对电力电缆（以下简称电缆）故障原因的分析，判断出故障性质，判断出是低阻故障还是高阻故障，如果是低阻故障，可以选择用经典电桥法(0〈Rf〈100KΩ)、低压脉冲反射法(Rf约等于0相当于短路)、电容电桥法或者是低压脉冲反射法(Rf无穷大，相当于线芯不导通或者断线)；如果是高阻故障，可以选择用冲击电压闪络法(Rf100KΩ)或者直流高压闪络法(闪络性高阻)。选择合适的仪器和测量方法进行处理。主要会涉及一些电路、电容、电压、电流、电磁波等物理量的处理，还会有一些精密仪器的使用和图像的处理，经过运用合适的试验就可以精确判断出电缆故障点的位置，进而解决故障，就恢复了电缆的正常使用。 关键词：电力电缆，故障，测距，定点 ABSTRACT Cable fault detection in general to go through diagnosis, ranging (also called coarse, often within 10 meters), point (also called fine) three steps. Through the power cable (hereinafter referred to as the cable) the cause of the problem analysis, determine the nature of the fault, determine that is the failure of low resistance or high resistance, if it is a low resistance fault, can choose to use classical bridge method (0 Rf 100 k Ω), low voltage pulse reflection method (Rf is approximately equal to zero is equivalent to short circuit), capacitance bridge method or low voltage pulse reflection method (Rf infinity, the equivalent of wire core conduction or bolt); If it is a high impedance fault, can choose by impulse voltage flashover method (Rf 100 kΩ) or dc high voltage flashover method (flashover high resistance). Choose the appropriate instrument and measurement method for processing. Mainly involves some circuit, capacitance, voltage, current, the processing of physical quantities, such as electromagnetic wave will also have some of the use of precision instruments and image processing, after using the appropriate test can accurately determine the location of the cable fault point, and then solve fault, just returned to the normal use of the cable. Key Words: Power cable, fault, range, fixed point  目 录 摘要...........................................................Ⅰ 绪论............................................................1 第1章　电力电缆故障分析........................................2 1.1 电缆易出故障部位............................................2 1.1.1 绝缘故障..................................................3