第11章 路由协议詳解.pptVIP

Chapter 11 Routing Protocols Interior and exterior routing RIP OSPF BGP-4 Introduction Routing Table Static route ? manually define Dynamic route ? routing protocol Table-driven routing One router ?? More routed protocols One routed protocol ?? One routing table Routing protocol To share the knowledge about the internet To calculate the routing table based on the topology or the policies Metric（度量） Information used by a routing protocol to select the best path for routing The total metric of a route = the sum of the metrics of networks that comprise the route A router chooses the route with the shortest metric Factors Hop count, bandwidth, delay, MTU, load, reliability, … Routing protocols can use one or more different factors to calculate a metric Convergence（收敛） Convergence All routers in a network agree on the topology Convergence time A measure of how quickly to recover from network changes Factors affecting convergence The routing protocol used A router’s distance from the point of change The number of routers in the network Bandwidth and traffic load on communications links A router’s load Traffic patterns in relation to the topology change 11.1 Interior Exterior Routing Autonomous system（自治系统，AS） A group of networks and routers under the authority of a single administration Each AS typically represents an independent organization and applies its own unique routing and security policies AS number An identifying number that is assigned by an Internet registry or a service provider Range: 1~65535 Private AS number: 64512~65535 Types of Autonomous Systems Single-homed AS Only one exit point to the outside Example: AS 1, AS 3 Multi-homed AS More than one exit point to the outside Example: AS 2 Nontransit AS not allow transit traffic to pass through it Transit(转接) AS allow transit traffic to pass through it IGP vs. EGP IGP: Interior Gateway Protocol（内部网关协议） To be used within an autonomous system To find the best path to the network Example：RIP、OSPF、IS-IS EGP: E