多轴载荷下车轮辐板裂纹扩展特性研究.pdfVIP

第 27 卷第 1 期 Vol.27 No.1 工 程 力 学 2010 年 1 月 Jan. 2010 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 41 文章编号：1000-4750(2010)01-0041-06 多轴载荷下车轮辐板裂纹扩展特性研究 *周素霞，肖 楠，谢基龙 (北京交通大学轨道车辆结构可靠性与运用检测技术教育部工程研究中心，北京 100044) 摘 要：针对车轮在运行过程中的典型运用工况，采用有限元方法数值模拟了不同运用条件下车轮的机械应力分 布，选取辐板最高应力部位作为裂纹的萌生位置。根据线弹性断裂力学理论研究了辐板裂纹在二轴载荷下的应力 强度因子和 T 应力，最后结合 Paris 疲劳裂纹扩展方程及裂纹扩展门槛值，得到了二轴载荷下辐板表面裂纹的扩 展特性和规律。从而得出了二轴载荷条件对辐板表面裂纹扩展的影响。分析结果表明：典型工况下，车轮辐板外 侧处于受压状态，内侧处于受拉状态而且变化幅值较大。车轮辐板的内外表面的应力不同，使得辐板同时承受了 弯矩，并且弯矩的周向分量和径向分量近乎于正比。由于 T 应力的影响，车轮辐板裂纹扩展速度比不考虑此应力 时的值较为偏低。分析结果对预防车轮疲劳失效、优化车轮设计、保障行车安全，具有重要意义。 关键词：车轮；有限元方法；多轴载荷；疲劳裂纹扩展；断裂力学；应力强度因子 中图分类号：U270.33 文献标识码：A RESEARCH ON CRACK PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTIC OF RAILWAY WHEEL WITH WEB PLAT UNDER MULTIAXIAL LOADING * ZHOU Su-xia , XIAO Nan , XIE Ji-long (Engineering Research Center of Structure Reliability and Operation Measurement Technology of Rail Guided Vehicles, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China) Abstract: Based on the typical service loads of railway wheel, the paper simulated the mechanical stress distribution under different service loads using finite element method. According to the linear elastic fracture mechanics theory, the stress intensity factor and T stress were also studied. At last, According to Paris fatigue crack propagation equation and the corresponding crack propagation threshold, the crack propagation characteristics and laws at the web plate under biaxial loads were obtained. The result showed that the crack propagation in the web plate was a typical fatigue damage. Under t