费希特的历史哲研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 历史哲学是一门关于整个人类历史发展过程的理论。费希特对历史哲学的思考主要 是指导他所处的那个时代的人们前进的“行动哲学”。他在《现时代的根本特点》一书 中，阐述了他的“世界计划”和历史的五个分期理论，费希特以时间为引线，从全球化 角度来考察人类历史发展的规律。他认为时间存在于客观的自然界，而超时间则存在于 主观的人类社会。超时间是知识学体系的绝对自我，而时间便是自我设定的非我。并且 肯定了先验的历史哲学与经验的历史研究应该相互补充的重要性。费希特在历史哲学领 域中继承了他构建知识学体系的原则，即从一个最高出发点推演出整个体系。“世界计 划”作为人类全部现实生活的统一概念，人类历史发展的过程就是“世界计划”实现的 过程，这个世界计划的内容就是人类自由的,按照理性建立自己的一切关系，因而整个 历史就是理性不断摆脱本能、权威等外在统治，最终获得自由的过程。费希特抛开了一 般的经验历史，纯粹先验的勾勒出人类社会发展的逻辑进程和最终目标，并且把他的历 史哲学与其整个知识学体系连接起来，用一个统一的原则来解释世界上的一切事物，对 后来的黑格尔乃至整个德国古典哲学都有着巨大的影响和深远的意义。 关键词 历史哲学 自然意图 人道 超时间 世界计划 I Abstract Abstract German classical philosophy have in France after the enlightenment, rational and freedom is when the enlightenment on both sides of the flag. German historians reason and freedom is regarded as human essence, make history as a free development history. Compared with other problems of philosophy, historical philosophy of appearance is quite late time, this was a course on the human history of the development process of theory. Kant skopos theory, based on people from the rational comprehensively launched is natural, and the human history supreme purpose is this a natural intention implementation process of the evil, and in human history that is the motivation. Hull DE think progress of historical contains countless negative and determine, tradition and organic force is history motivation, and the human history forward through is the ultimate goal of god unlimited humanitarian close. Fichte is mainly thinking of historical philosophy in guiding him ahead of the era, people action philosophy. His era in the fundamental characteristics of the book, and expounds his plan for world and the five historical periodization theory, guide then German