计算机网络chapter4祥解.pptVIP

The Medium Access ControlSublayer Chapter 4 Networks can be divided into two catogories: (1) point-to-point connections (2) broadcast channels An example: A conference call in which six people, on six different telephones, are all connected so that each one can hear and talk to all the others. It is very likely that when one of them stops speaking, two or more will start talking at once, leading to chaos(混乱). While in a face-to-face meeting, chaos is avoided by external means, for example, at a meeting, people raise their hands to request permission to speak. However, when only a single channel is available, determine who should go next is much harder. Broadcast channels are sometimes referred to as multiaccess channels(多点接入信道) or random access channels(随机接入信道). The protocols used to determine who goes next on a multiaccess channel belong to a sublayer(子层) of the data link layer called the MAC (Medium Access Control，媒体接入控制) sublayer.(该协议位于OSI七层协议中数据链路层，数据链路层分为上层LLC（逻辑链路控制），和下层的MAC（介质访问控制）) The MAC layer is especially important in LANs, many of which use a multiaccess channel as the basis for communication. The Channel Allocation Problem The central theme of this chapter is how to allocate a single broadcast channel among competing users. Including: Static Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs Dynamic Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs 4.1.1 Static Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs 1. FDM The traditional way of allocating a single channel, such as a telephone trunk, among multiple competing users(多个竞争用户) is Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM). 4.1.1 Static Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs 4.1.1 Static Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs 4.1.2 Dynamic Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs five key issues for allocation problem 1) station mod