Unit1~2.情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词.docVIP

高中英语语法复习高中英语语法复习 必修三 Unit1~2.情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词 一.分类情态动词有四类①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would) ,ought to④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to ⑤情态动词表猜测 二.位置 情态动词有一定的词义，但并不完整，必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?我能帮你吗？How dare you treat us like that！ 你怎能那样对待我们！ 三特点情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态.He could be here soon. 他很快就来.We cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子.Im sorry I cant help you. 对不起，我帮不上你 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想:What have you been doing since?（构成完成进行体，本身无词义））ever do that again. They asked if we would do that again. The door wont open 7. 3. 用 “will be”和 “will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如： This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now. 4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，，并没有 “现已无此习惯”的含义。如： The wound would not heal. During the vacation he would visit me every week. 5. 表料想或猜想。如： It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. ought to的用法 1. Ought to表示应该。如： You ought to take care of him. 2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别： He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家） He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定） This is where the oil must be. （比较直率） This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄） 3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didnt). 这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。 注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如： Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much. ought和should的区别： 1.ought语气略强。 2.should较常用。 3.ought在美国英语中用的很少，而should却相当常用。 4.ought属正式用语。