Chapter9解析.ppt

Learning Objectives 1. To learn the modes of transport, especially, ocean transportation; 2. To understand the nature of liner transport; 3. To understand the various kinds of B/L; 4. To understand the contents of transport clause. §1 An Overview of the Modes of Transport Modes of Transport Ocean transport 海洋运输 Liner 班轮 Tramp 租船 Land transport 陆地运输 铁路 国际铁路运输 国内铁路运输 公路 Air transport 航空运输 Scheduled airline 班机 Chartered carrier包机 Consolidation 集中托运 Air express service快件 Factors to be considered when choosing modes of transport Characteristics of the commodities Quantities of the commodities Distance between the place of departure and destination Market demand for the product Freight level Risks level Conditions of loading and unloading place Weather conditions International economic and political relationships Etc. 1. Sea transport /Ocean transport Ocean transport is the most widely used mode of transport in international trade. It accounts for 90% of international transport. Characteristics of ocean transport: Large capacity 运量大; Low cost 运费较低; Vulnerable to bad weather 受气候等自然条件影响大，航期不稳定; Risk 风险较大; Slow 速度较慢; Etc. Liner transport班轮运输 Characteristics of liner transport (1) “四定” Fixed sailing date 固定船期:船期表经常分送客户以招揽货载，并在专业报纸或刊物上登载船期表; Fixed route 固定航线: 各航线多有航运公会组织，船公司可加入公会，接受公会所订运价及货运规则，也可不参加。 Making calls at scheduled ports 固定停靠港口:为便于管理船舶、控制船期、承揽货载，在固定航线的港口设立分支机构或委托长期性的代理行，有的甚至有专用码头及仓库。 Relatively fixed freight rate运费率固定: 运费表对外公开，受政府监管与认可，不得随意变更。 Characteristics of liner transport (2) “一负责” ? The carrier is responsible for the loading and unloading 承运人负责装和卸 船方管装卸、理货、丈量等，故运费中包含装卸费。 船货双方的权利、义务和责任以船公司签发的提单条款为准。 班轮承运货物的品种、数量灵活（只要有舱位，就可运输），运输质量较好，一般在码头仓库交接货物，货主较便利。 Freight rate 1. 班轮运费是按照班轮公司制定的班轮运价表(liner’s freight tariff) 的规定计算的。 确定基本费率的两种运价表: A. 单项费率运价表（标出每一个商品的运费） B. 等级费率表(常用） 2 班轮运费=basic rate (基本运费)+surcharges (附加费用) 附加费用一般以基本运费的一定百分率计收,也有以每运费吨若干金额为基础计收的。 Basis for freight calculation (基本运费计算标准) 按