浅谈逆矩阵的求法课程.docVIP

浅谈逆矩阵的求法 方法1 定义法:设A是数域P上的一个n阶方阵,如果存在P上的n阶方阵B,使得AB = BA = E,则称A是可逆的,又称B为A的逆矩阵.当矩阵A可逆时,逆矩阵由A惟一确定,记为A-1. 例1:设A为n阶矩阵,且满足A-1. 【解】 方法 2 伴随矩阵法:A-1 = A*. 定理n阶矩阵A = aij为可逆的充分必要条件是A非奇异.且Aij是|A|中元素aij的代数余子式.矩阵称为矩阵A的伴随矩阵, 记作A*,于是有A-1 = A*. 注 ①对于阶数较低(一般不超过3阶)或元素的代数余子式易于计算的矩阵可用此法求其逆矩阵.注意A* = (Aji)n×n元素的位置及符号.特别对于2阶方阵,其伴随矩阵,即伴随矩阵具有“主对角元素互换,次对角元素变号”的规律. ②对于分块矩阵不能按上述规律求伴随矩阵. 例2:已知,求A-1. 【解】 ∵| A | = 2 ≠ 0 ∴A可逆.由已知得 A-1 = A* = 方法3 初等变换法: 注 ①对于阶数较高(n≥3)的矩阵,采用初等行变换法求逆矩阵一般比用伴随矩阵法简便.在用上述方法求逆矩阵时,只允许施行初等行变换. ②也可以利用求得A的逆矩阵. ③当矩阵A可逆时,可利用 求得A-1B和CA-1.这一方法的优点是不需求出A的逆矩阵和进行矩阵乘法,仅通过初等变换 即求出了A-1B或CA-1. 例3::用初等行变换求矩阵的逆矩阵. 【解】 方法4 用分块矩阵求逆矩阵:设A?B分别为P?Q阶可逆矩阵,则: 例4:已知,求A-1. 【解】 将A分块如下: 其中 可求得 从而 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Johns Hopkins University for the TC-1 cells. This work was supported by a National Health Research Institutes intramural grant (IV-103-PP-22) and grants from the National Science Council, which were awarded to Y.C. Song (NSC 99-2321-B-400-004-MY3) and S.J. Liu (NSC 103-2321-B-400-008). Author Contributions Y.C.S. and S.J.L. designed the studies. Y.C.S. performed the research and analyzed the data. Y.C.S. and S.J.L. wrote the manuscript. Additional Information C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) once with 1 μ g of peptide mixed with or without 10 μ g of CpG adjuvant. After one week, splenocytes were harvested, and the response of IFN-γ -secreting cells was determined by ELISPOT after 48 h of peptide stimulation. Briefly, 2 × 105 splenocytes were incubated with 1 μ g/ml irrelevant peptide or RAH peptide in an anti-IFN-γ -coated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plate for 48 h. After incubation, the cells were removed, and a biotinylated anti-IFN-γ Ab (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) was added to each well. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. Following the addition of the avidin-HRP reagent (eBioscience, CA, USA), the assay was developed using a 3-amine-9-e