斯特林发动机资料.docVIP

斯特林发动机 斯特林发动机是一种闭循环活塞式热机,闭循环的意思是工作燃气一直保存在气缸内,而开循环则如内燃机和一些蒸气机需要与大气交换气体。斯特林发动机一般被归为外燃机。 切图以外的菱形驱动器测试配置斯特林发动机的设计： * 粉红-热筒壁 * 深灰色-冷筒壁（与冷却进排气管在黄色） * 暗绿色-热绝缘分开的两个汽缸结束 * 浅绿色-置换活塞 * 深蓝色-功率活塞 * 淡蓝色-曲柄连杆和飞轮 没有表明：热源和热汇。 在此设计了置换活塞构造没有专门建造的再生 。 介绍 斯特林发动机在热机中的效率目前是最高的，有时可以达到80%。 　　In the conversion of heat into mechanical work, the Stirling engine has the potential to achieve the highest efficiency of any heat engine. It can theoretically perform up to the full Carnot efficiency, although not yet in practice. The practical limitations include the non-ideal properties of the working gas, and material properties such as friction, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, creep, rupture strength, and melting point. The Stirling engine can run on any heat source, including chemical, solar, geothermal and nuclear. There are many possible implementations of the Stirling engine. Most fall into the category of reciprocating piston engine. 　　In contrast to internal combustion engines, Stirling engines have the potential to use renewable heat sources more easily, to be quieter, and to be more reliable with lower maintenance. They are preferred for applications that value these unique advantages, particularly if the the cost per unit energy generated ($/kWh) is more important than the capital cost per unit power ($/kW). On this basis, Stirling engines are cost competitive up to about 100 kW.[3] 　　Compared to an internal combustion engine of the same power rating, Stirling engines currently have a higher capital cost and are usually larger and heavier. Their lower maintenance requirements make the overall energy cost comparable. The thermal efficiency is also comparable (for small engines), ranging from 15%-30%.[3]For applications such as micro-CHP, a Stirling engine is often preferable to an internal combustion engine. Other applications include water pumping, space-based astronautics, and electrical generation from plentiful energy sources that are incompatible with the intern