第一部分一热力学工程基础知识要点.pptVIP

WELCOME ！ 热力工程基础知识 Foundation knowledge of thermal engineering 热力参数名称，计量单位及符号：Thermodynamic parameter name,unit and mark: 真空、真空度(vaucum、vacuum degree) 当容器中的压力低于大气压力（atmospheric pressure）时，把低于大气压力的部分叫真空。用符号“pv”表示。其关系式为： When the pressure in the container below the atmospheric pressure. The part lower than atmospheric pressure is called the vacuum. Use the symbol Pv. Their relationship is: Pv＝Patm－Pa 发电厂有时用百分数表示真空值的大小，称为真空度。真空度是真空值和大气压力比值的百分数， 即： The power plant express the size of the vacuum value as a percentage sometimes, called the degree of vacuum. The degree of vacuum is the ration percentage of the vacuum value and the atmospheric pressure, namely: 真空度(degree of vacuum)＝Pv / Patm×100% 什么是表压力？What is gauge pressure？ 当容器中的压力高于大气压力时，把高于大气压力的部分称为表压力。用符号“pe”表示。其关系式为：When the pressure in the container exceed the atmosphere pressure, the part higher than atmosphere pressure is called the gauge pressure. Use the symbol pe .There relationship is: pe＝patm + pa 什么是经济真空（economic vacuum）？什么是极限真空（ultimate vacuum）？ What is the economic vacuum?What is the ultimate vacuum? 所谓经济真空是提高真空使汽轮发电机增加的负荷与循环水泵多消耗的电功率之差为最大时的真空。Economic vacuum is vacuum that when the difference between the load of turbine generator and consumed electrical power of circulating pumps is maximum. 如真空再继续提高,由于汽轮机末级喷嘴的膨胀能力已达极限,汽轮机的功率不再增加,此时真空称为极限真空。If continue to raise vacuum, due to the expansion capacity of end level nozzle of the turbine has reached the limit, no further increase for turbine power, the vacuum known as the ultimate vacuum. 朗肯循环（Rankine cycle） 以水蒸气为工质的火力发电厂中，让饱和蒸汽在锅炉的过热器中进一步吸热，然后过热蒸汽在汽轮机内进行绝热膨胀做功，汽轮机排汽在凝汽器中全部凝结成水。并以水泵代替卡诺循环中的压缩机使凝结水重又进入锅炉受热，这样组成的汽-水基本循环，称之为朗肯循环。 In the steam power plant using steam as the working medium, saturated steam proceeds to the boiler superheater for further heat absorption, and superheated steam do adiabatic expansion wor