第02章+温度因子的生态作用及生物的适应精要.ppt

普通生态学 第5版 （生态51班用） 第I部分 个体生态学(autecology) Chap 2.Temperature as an ecological factor Case 1. Microclimates Color of the Ground Presence of Boulders and Burrows Aquatic Temp Case 2：Temperature and performance of organisms (b) Extreme temperature and photosynthesis （C）Development and Temperature Temperature-size rule （D）Adaptations to temperature Temperature and Bacterial activity Case III：Regulating body temperature (B) 植物的温度调节 斯堪蒂纳维亚植物体热收支 Tropical Alpine Plants (C）Temperature regulation by ectothermic animals Currathurs’s study（续） Currathurs’s study（续） (e) Temperature regulation by endothermic animals Aquatic birds and Mammals 水生鸟和水生哺乳动物 Warming the Swimming Muscles of large marine Fish Warming Insect Flight Muscles 昆虫飞行肌加热机制 Hawkmoth 思考题 Case IV：Surviving Extreme temperature （B) Reducing Metabolic Rate Review Question 应用与工具:气候变暖与一种陆地蜗牛局部灭绝的关系 蜗牛（原因） 思考题 Countercurrent heat exchanger 金枪鱼体侧肌肉中的逆流交换器 动脉 静脉 Water temperature and body temperature of a bluefin tuna Does sphinx moths regulation body temperature through changing metabolic rate? (Adams Heath,1964) Heinrich did not find changing of the metabolic rate in response to variations in temperature. So, he proposed a hypothesis that sphinx moths regulate body temperature by changing their rates of heat loss to the environment. 烟草天蛾的体温调节和血液循环 1 蝴蝶是变温动物，白天活动，从赤道雨林到北极都有分布，它们以晒太阳的方式提高体温。那么，随纬度的不同，它们用于晒太阳和飞行的时间比例会如何变化？蝴蝶晒太阳的时间会随着每天温度的变化而改变吗？ 2 有人在新疆塔城的严冬雪地里发现一种会飞的蛾子，你分析它的体色是什么颜色？为什么？为什么能在零下20多度的冬天飞翔？ 东方臭甘蓝－恒温植物 肉穗花序 苞片 主根 (D) Temperature regulation by thermogenic plants 产热植物 气温与东方臭甘蓝的代谢速率 代谢率（用耗氧率表示） Many organisms survive extreme temperatures by entering a resting stage (a)Inactivity Tiger beetle When to use Torpor 蛰伏? Torpor is a state of low metabolic rate and lowered body temperature. “Routine hypothesis” or “ Emergency-only Hypo” How to test the hypotheses? Hummingbird How to know whether hummingbirds go into torpor at night? By weighting hummingbirds just before they went to their