UNIT 3 Forces and Ttheir effects.pptVIP

UNIT 3Lesson 2 Forces and Their Effects Terminology Text tour * * 《机械工程专业英语教程》 Words and Expressions Words and Expressions Terminology * * 《机械工程专业英语教程》 Compressive Serving to or able to compress 压缩的：起压缩作用或能够压缩的 Turning The shaping of metal or wood on a lathe 车削：用车床将金属或木材加工成型的过程 Lathe 车床 《机械工程专业英语教程》 * Rectilinear Moving in, consisting of, bounded by, or characterized by a straight line or lines: 直线的：以直线运动的，由直线组成的，以直线为边的，具有直线之特点的 micrometer 千分尺 * * * 《机械工程专业英语教程》 Thread A helical or spiral ridge on a screw, nut, or bolt 螺纹：螺钉、螺母或螺栓上螺旋型的凸棱 Shaper牛头刨床 A study of any machine or mechanism shows that each is made up of a number of movable parts. These parts transform a given motion to a desired motion. In other words, these machines perform work. Work is done when motion results from the application of force[1]. Thus, a study of mechanics and machines deals with forces and the effects of forces on bodies. 1. work在此指代“功”， 换句话说，这些机器在工作（做功）。在力的作用下产生运动就实现了做功。 《机械工程专业英语教程》 * Text tour * A force is a push or pull. The effect of a force either changes the shape or motion of a body or prevent other forces from making such changes. Every force produces a stress in the part on which it is applied. Forces may be produced by an individual using muscular action or by machines with mechanical motion. Forces are produced by physical or chemical change, gravity, or changes in motion. When a force is applied which tends to stretch an object, it is called a tensile force. A part experiencing a tensile force is said to be in tension. A force can also be applied which tends to shorten or squeeze the object. Such a force is a compressive force. 《机械工程专业英语教程》 * * A third force is known as a torsional force, or a torque since it tends to twist an object. Still another kind of force, which seems to make the layers or molecules of a material slide or slip on one another, is a shearing force. Each of these forces