2016中考英语复习手册大全(共172页)重点.doc

2016中考英语复习精品资料 第一篇 词法 一、 名词 (一) 知识概要 名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法，但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。 (二) 正误辨析 ［误］Please give me a paper. ［正］Please give me a piece of paper. ［析］不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词，这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了，所以造成了这样的错误，因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达，如：two pieces of paper. ［误］Please give me two letter papers. ［正］Please give me two pieces of letter paper. ［析］paper作为纸讲是不可数名词，而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt. ［误］My glasses is broken. ［正］My glasses are broken. ［误］I want to buy two shoes. ［正］I want to buy two pairs of shoes. ［析］英语中glasses—眼镜，shoes—鞋，trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如：This pair of glasses is very good. ［误］May I borrow two radioes? ［正］May I borrow two radios? ［析］以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式，但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos. ［误］This is a Marys dictionary. ［正］This is Marys dictionary. ［析］如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时，则不要再加冠词。 ［误］There are much people in the garden. ［正］There are many people in the garden. ［析］可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰，而people是可数名词，而且是复数名词，如：The people are planting trees here. ［误］I want a few water. ［正］I want a little water. ［析］不可数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰，但不可用many,few来修饰。 ［误］Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me. ［正］Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me. ［误］Toms and Marys family are waiting for us. ［正］Toms and Marys families are waiting for us. ［误］Im sorry. I have to go. Toms families are waiting for me. ［正］Im sorry. I have to go. Toms family are waiting for me. ［析］集合名词如果指某个集合的整体，则应视为单数，如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Toms family were watching TV. 即汤姆一家人正在看电视。这样的集合名词有：family class, team等。 ［误］Dont eat too much meats. ［正］Dont eat too much meat. ［误］Food in that restaurant is very good. ［正］The food in that restaurant is very good. ［析］物质名词是不可数名词，在使用中不可以加s，即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但