class5_productsupply资料精要.pptVIP

农业是不同于其他行业 生产活动涉及合资产品 例子——羊肉和羊毛的羊饲养 提供牛肉和牛皮革 奶牛产奶和小腿 增加一个联合产品的价格将导致其他产品的供给曲线向右移 技术状态 例子——改善各种玉米,与相同级别的输入,产生更高的收益率更有利可图的扩张即供给曲线会向右移 自然环境 例子——天气状况,影响植物的生长和收获,疾病的暴发。糟糕的天气会影响供应通常供应减少,供给曲线向左转移。有利的天气会增加供给——转变曲线向右 机构设置 例子——政策措施将会直接影响特定的农产品。生产补贴、配额、土地使用的名称。这些都应该被视为在供给函数显式变量。 一个详尽的列表因素影响农产品的供应包括: 产品的价格(运动沿着供给曲线) 竞争产品的价格(供给曲线的转变) 价格在联合产品(运动和转移) 的价格输入(转变) 的技术(转变) 自然环境(转变) 机构设置(转变) Agricultural Economics Product Supply and Input Demand 产品供应和输入需求 Aims and objectives AIM to introduce the subject of product supply for agricultural production OBJECTIVES - to be able to understand A supply function A supply curve Elasticity of supply Cross-price elasticity of supply Factors affecting supply of agricultural goods 目的 介绍产品供应农业生产的主题 目标——能够理解 供给函数 供给曲线 供给弹性 Cross-price供给弹性 影响因素的农产品供应 Introduction Attention moves to supply and input demand at market level Explore decisions of farmers in a particular market WHY? Issues of market level agricultural supply are central to development strategies 人们将注意力转移至供应和输入需求在市场水平 探索农民决定在一个特定的市场 为什么? 问题,市场供应水平农业发展战略的核心 Agriculture supply is important Agriculture should provide growing surplus: To increase food supplies and agricultural raw materials at “low” prices To increase the purchasing power of farmers Help transfers of labour and other resources from agriculture for industrial development To increase foreign exchange earnings from agricultural exports 农业增长应该提供盈余: 增加食品供应和农业原料以“低”价格 增加农民的购买力 帮助转移的劳动力和其他资源从农业为工业的发展 从农产品出口,增加外汇收入 What is meant by supply? Supply is the amount of a product that a producer is willing and able to make and sell at a number of possible prices The supply curve is upward sloping and will lie along the upward sloping portion of its marginal cost curve above its average variable cost curve in the short run As product prices rise, the firm will increase supply An industry (agriculture) composed of a large number of small firms will also have upward sloping supply curve, since the industry supply curve will be the summa