北京大气颗粒理化特性研.docVIP

北京大气颗粒物理化特性研究 专 业: 环境科学 学 号: 姓 名: 李鸿飞 指导老师: 韩力慧 二零一二年六月摘要 大气颗粒物是大气中重要的污染物之一，大气颗粒物因其表面的吸附作用，而组分非常复杂，其中含有多种有毒有害的化学成分，不仅对大气环境具有不良影响，而且还危及人类健康，成为大气科学和环境科学研究的焦点和热点。因此，研究大气颗粒物及其组分的变化特征，并对其组分进行来源解析，对于保护环境、改善空气质量、提高人们的生活品质具有重要意义。 本文于2010年12月-2011年11月不同季节代表月，采集了北京大气颗粒物PM2.5和PM10样品。分别采用重量法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）分析了颗粒物及其主要元素组分的浓度；研究了颗粒物及其主要元素的特性和季节变化规律；并应用富集因子法、因子分析法对颗粒物PM2.5和PM10的来源进行了解析。结果表明：大气颗粒物PM2.5 和PM10浓度冬春季较高，夏秋季较低；PM2.5占PM10的百分含量为30%~86%，是PM10的重要组成部分；元素S、Cu、Zn、Mn、As、Se、Cd、Sb、Pb是颗粒物中的主要污染元素，而Al、Mg、Ca、Na、Fe、Ti 是颗粒物中的重要地壳元素；颗粒物全年主要来源为燃煤和工业过程、地面扬尘、机动车排放和垃圾焚烧等。 关键词：大气颗粒物；浓度；元素组分；来源解析 Abstract Airborne particulate matter is one of the most important pollutants in atmosphere. Due to its surface adsorption，it consists of a variety of toxic and harmful chemical components, which have a bad effect on atmospheric environment and human health. Airborne particulate matter has been studied in atmospheric science and environmental science. So, the studies on airborne particles, its component characteristics and source apportionment, have an important significance for protecting environment, improving air quality, and improving peoples quality of life. Atmospheric particulate samples of PM2.5and PM10 were collected in spring, summer, fall and winter seasons from 2010 to 2011 in Beijing. Atmospheric particulate matter and its twenty-three elements were analyzed using gravimetry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for characterization and source identification of Beijing airborne particles. The sources of airborne particles PM2.5and PM10 were recognized using enrichment factor, and factor analysis methods. The results showed that the concentrations of atmospheric particulates in winter and spring were higher than that in summer and autumn. PM2.5 was the major part of th