材料科学与工程导论Chapter 1 - Chapter 2.pptVIP

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Introduction to Materials Science Lei Xu Chapter 1. Introduction Historical Perspective Chapter 1. Introduction Materials Science and Engineering Structure ? Property Microscopic, macroscopic Mechanical properties? Other properties (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative) Chapter 1. Introduction The structure and composition of a material, including the type of atoms and their arrangement as viewed over the range of length scales (nano-, meso-, micro-, macro-scale). The synthesis and processing by which the particular arrangement of atoms achieved. The properties of the material resulting from the atoms and their arrangement, that make material interesting or useful. The performance of the material, that is, the measurement of its usefulness in actual conditions, taking account of economic and social costs and benefits. Chapter 1. Introduction Relationship Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction Classification of Materials Metals Ceramics Polymers Composites Semiconductors Biomaterials Chapter 1. Introduction Metals Chapter 1. Introduction Ceramics Chapter 1. Introduction Polymers Chapter 1. Introduction Composites Chapter 1. Introduction Semiconductors Chapter 1. Introduction Biomaterials Chapter 1. Introduction Modern Materials’ Needs Reducing weight of vehicles Increase engine operating temperatures High strength, low density structural materials Solar cells (convert 15% solar energy) Renewable materials Chapter 2. Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding Main content Atomic bonding in solids Periodic Table Primary interatomic bondings Secondary bonding Molecules and molecular solids Emphasis The atomic bonding types and atomic Structures 2.1 Fundamental Concepts Charges: Electrons and protons have negative and positive charges of the same magnitude, 1.6 × 10-19 Coulombs. Neutrons are electrically neutral. Masses: Pro