ChapterEightAdditionOmission.pptVIP

Chapter Eight Addition Omission Addition means supplying necessary words in translation, making the version grammatically correct, semantically clear, rhetorically sound, logically acceptable, and culturally appropriate. Words thus supplied must be indispensable syntactically, semantically, stylistically, and contextually. I Structural Addition 结构性增补 Structural addition is mainly due to the structural or grammatical differences between English and Chinese. What is omitted or unnecessary in English may be indispensable in Chinese, or vice versa; hence the principle of addition in translating. i) Supplying words omitted or substituted in the original （补充原文省略或被替代的词） We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. 我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。 Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low. 温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。 ii) Supplying words necessary in structure or collocation of the target text.（补充译文结构或搭配所需要的词） You cannot build a ship, a house, or a machine tool if you do not know how to make or read a design. 如果不懂得制图或看不懂图纸，就不能造船、盖房子或制造机床。 由于汉英词法、句法不同，汉译英时，往往要补充代词、介词、连词、冠词、动词等。例如： 信言不美，美言不信。 True words are not fine-sounding; Fine-sounding words are not true. ⅡSemantic Addition（语义性增补） i) Supplying supplementary nouns( Category Words) to make the meaning concrete and clear.（补充辅助性名词——范畴词，使语义具体、清楚） Examples of Chinese category words ( Page 130): Complacency 自满情绪 Alienation 异化现象 Tension 紧张局势 Madness 疯狂行为 Preparation 准备工作 Complexity 复杂性、复杂局面 Irregularities 越轨事例 Segregation 隔离政策 Loftiness 崇高气质 Jealousy 嫉妒心理 Arrogance 傲慢态度 Notoriety 名声狼藉的境地 Lightheartedness 轻松愉快的心情 Modernization 现代化 Transformation 转化过程 Foolhardiness 蛮干作风 Fault-finding 吹毛求疵的做法 Necessity 必要性 Examples: Recourse to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between countries. 国与国之间的争端借助武力，并不是最好的解决办法。 At the same time, inequality has become worse. 同时，不平等现象变得更严重了。 The maj