软件开发项目中的质量管理研究介绍.docx

 PAGE \* ROMAN III 引 言 PAGE 30 PAGE 31 摘 要 摘 要 随着知识经济时代的到来,企业能否合理有效地管理自己的知识已成为企业在激烈的市场竞争中能否获取竞争优势的关键。知识经济的时代同时也是信息化的时代,整个社会的高效运作对计算机软件产品的依赖程度越来越高。软件质量以及软件质量管理日益成为人们关注的焦点。软件质量特性,反映了软件的本质。对软件的开发过程进行质量管理是解决软件质量问题的重要方法。目前国 际上流行的ISO9001标准和CMM模型等都是为了指导企业如何建立符合质量管理要求的开发过程而提出的。但软件产品是一种特殊的逻辑产品，它的“制造”过程基本等同于“设计”过程，显然不能生搬硬套硬件产品质量管理方法来管理软件产品的质量，因此，需要建立专门针对软件产品的质量管理方法。本文详细阐述了软件项目质量管理的认识，并结合实际经历就软件项目中的质量管理做了一些探讨。文章详细介绍了质量和软件质量的概念、软件质量工程体系的思想和内容、软件质量控制和管理的方法和技术，包括软件质量标准、配置管理、软件质量保证和软件测试等；针对实际的软件质量工作，深入探讨了需求分析、软件设计、编程和测试、软件发布和维护等各个阶段的软件质量活动。 关键词：质量 软件质量 质量控制 质量保证 质量管理 过程管理 软件测试 软件项目管理 Abstract Abstract With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, whether an enterprise can reasonably and effectively manage its own knowledge has become a crucial factor that can impact its access to success sufficiently. The era—in the mean time—is the era of information too.The efficiency of its business in the whole society is depending heavily on the computer software. The quality of software is more of vital concernment. Software quality characteristics reflect the essence of software. Quality management of software development process is an important approach to solve the problem of software quality. There are already a lot of standards of software quality management, such as ISO9001 and CMM, which can help organizations to establish the system of quality management. Different from traditional industrial products, the process of software development is at the same time as the process of producing. Thus traditional methods of quality control of hardware obviously could not reasonably be adapted to quality management of software. This thesis describes a software project quality management knowledge combined with practical experience of the software project quality management to do some research. Paper introduces the concept of quality and software quality, software quality engineering system of ideas and content, software quality control and management methods and