托福写作多样化表达策略方法.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 托福写作多样化表达策略方法 摘要： 小马过河托福频道为大家带来了托福写作多样化表达策略方法，供考生们参考使用，更多托福辅导请继续关注小马过河托福频道!  词汇贫乏之中国学生 托福 写作表达的通病。整篇托福作文一个词用到底，从不作任何变化：一遇到“改变/变化”就是change，“影响”就是effect，“流行”就是popular，“认为”就是think;每逢“因为”就是because，“意识到”就是realize，“想到”就是think of，等等。其实英语词汇很丰富的，同一个意思可以由很多不同的方式表达。  句子多样性  单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子使作文呆板单调，缺乏生动性和说服力;而灵活多变的句子样式和结构则使作文语言生动，自然流畅，丰富多彩。具体包括以下几个方面：  长短句变换：简单句、并列句和复合句交替运用  长句准确生动，长于说明推理;短句简洁明快，意义明确，印象深刻，描述动作，表明主旨，总结归纳，非短句不可。既然各有所长，在写作时应根据实际需要，交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句，以达到“段间长短不一，全篇句式万千”、丰富多样的效果，给读者以及阅卷老师以永恒的新鲜感。  结构多样化：我们学过非谓语动词结构(包括不定式结构和分词结构)，无动词结构，分隔结构，比较结构，独立结构，with复合结构，特殊否定结构，it结构，平行结构，强调结构，倒装结构，等等。其中最为神通广大的是非谓语动词结构，在句中或作主语、宾语，或作表语、宾语补足语，或作定语修饰名词，或作状语表示条件、原因、让步、时间、方式、目的、结果、伴随状况等，不一而足。  非谓语动词结构可以简化大部分英语从句，产生语言简练，结构丰富多样的效果，请看下列转化实例：  名词从句可转化为非谓语动词结构  1. That John won the marathon surprised us.  John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.  2. I have not decided whether I should vote for Clint.  I have not decided whether to vote for Clint.  定语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构  1. The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher.  2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother’s.    状语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构  1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.  Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.  2. When they are heated metals expand.  (When) Heated, metals expand.  3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.  Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.  4. I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me.  …in order for the audience to understand me.  5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.  United, we stand; divided, we fail.  6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak English well.  Having lived in Ca