仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage1-103GYROS-COMPASS.pptVIP

SRT Standard rate turn is 3°/sec Angle Of Bank increases with TAS Standard Rate AOB rule of thumb: (TAS/10) + 1/2 TC Checks Listen for unusual noise before starting engine Look for red, warning, or OFF flags Ammeter after start for positive charging rate Inclinometer ball - outside of turn Turn needle - with turn Magnetic Compass Self contained Direction seeking Subject to many Compass Errors Magnetic Compass Errors Variation Deviation Magnetic Dip Oscillation Northerly Turning Error Acceleration These are both due to Magnetic Dip Magnetic Variation Difference between True North Magnetic North Isogonic lines: equal variation Agonic line: 0 variation Deviation Metals and magnetic fields in the airplane interfere with north-seeking ability Compensating magnets eliminate some of the error. Swinging the compass adjusts them. Leftover error is handled through a compass correction card for each individual airplane. Magnetic Dip Exists because compass magnet tries to point 3 dimensionally toward the earth’s magnetic north pole deep inside the earth. “Northerly Turning” and “Acceleration” errors are due to magnetic dip When rolling out to North or South Heading. “UNOS” Undershoot North- Overshoot South based on latitude and 1/2 bank angle When initiating a turn FROM North or South Heading North Opposite South Exaggerate NORTHERLY TURNING ERRORS “North Opposite” Compass initially shows turn in opposite direction “South Exaggerate” Shows turn in proper direction but compass card moves faster than actual rate of turn Oscillation Erratic movement of the magnetic compass card Caused by turbulence or rough control movement Acceleration Errors (East or West) “ANDS” Accelerate North Decelerate South Acceleration Errors on East/ West Headings PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENT FLIGHT Flight Instrument Systems Gyroscopic Instruments Required Instruments for IFR Flight All required for VFR Flight - plus: “GRABCARDD” 91.205 (d) (e) G enerator or