Puritanism and American Culture课件.pptVIP

Puritanism and American Culture 制作人：李项南 王薇 王艳艳 焦艳 Main Contents: Puritanism American culture Puritanism and American Education Puritanism and American Democracy Puritanism and American Literature Puritanism and American racial problems Puritanism and American nationality Conclusion Puritanism: Puritanism originated from England and manifested itself in many ways in British North American colonies. Although they formed essential elements of religious norms for behavior, “justification by grace through faith”(因信称义）, “the idea of calling”（天职思想）, “a city upon a hill”（山巅之城）, the core convictions of Puritanism, dispelled to a large extent the bondage of the tradition of mainstream church on the mind and deed of people. They quickened the process of social secularization, promoted individual emancipation and played an important role in helping to establish modern ideas about labor, occupation and wealth, sketch the goal for the nation to pursue in future with religious ideal. Laying the foundation of the WASP cultural values, they molded the national character of todays America.　 “因信称义”： 美国历史学家戴格勒指出:“个人主义是遗留给后代的清教主义的核心,……如果说美国人今天是个人主义者,那么清教主义是个人主义的主要根源。”［4］诞生于英国宗教改革时期的清教主义,受欧洲大陆马丁·路德和加尔文的新教思想影响,极具反抗权威、抵制特权的精神和强烈的突出教徒个人、彰显自我的意识。其理论来源是“因信称义”的新教主张 “天职思想”：天主教推崇“出世”修行的灵魂拯救方式,清教的主张则带有明显的“入世”特征。它主张信徒在追求永恒的彼世时不必也无法回避现世,不但视现世为通向彼世的重要桥梁,而且强调现世在教徒个人救赎过程中的功能与作用,突出以现世的实践追求彼世的理想的教义。对于信奉新教的清教徒来说,在另一个世界的拯救在很大程度上取决于个人改变现实世界的成功程度。 “山巅之城“： 他们提倡勤俭清洁的生活，希望在新大陆上建造自己的山巅之城”（an ideal community ）。 清教主义起源于英国,在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。其因信称义、天职思想、山颠之城等核心理念,虽然构成宗教行为规范要素,却在很大程度上起到了消解禁锢人们思想与行为的主流教会传统的作用,促进了社会世俗化进程,在早期的美国,推动了个性解放,促成建立现代劳动、职业和财富观,以宗教的理想勾勒出国家未来追求的目标。它们奠定了今日美国主流文化(WASP)价值观念的基础,铸就了美国民族特性。　 American culture: The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, persona