口腔麻醉3.4.pptVIP

Conventional dental local anaesthetic cartridge syringes Syringes used for intraoral injections are produced by a number of manufacturers and a variety of designs are apparent . They are made of metal ，plastic or a combination of both types of material . Some are designed for single use and are supplied pre-sterilised by the manufacturer.Those intended for reuse must be capable of sterilisation without loss of function. Reusable syringes must be sterilised between patients. There are a number of universal components in the reusable designs complying with the International Standard . These are: the barrel the viewing port the threaded needle-mounting hub the plunger rod the handle or thumb ring or rest the finger grip(s). * The barrel is the part that accepts the cartridge. This may be loaded from the end (breech-loading) or from the side of the barrel.The barrel has a viewing port to allow visualisation of the contents of the cartridge during use. The threaded needle-mounting hub is at one end of the barrel.The threaded screw is designed to firmly engage the needle hub.The syringe should be discarded if wear of these threads prevents secure retention of the needle. The plunger rod has a handle or thumb-ring at one end. It transmits force from the operators thumb to the cartridge plunger to allow injection. The plunger rod end design varies . It may be: butt-ended have a plunger-engaging device be of the Astra self-aspirating design. * * These different designs relate to the mechanism of aspiration. Aspiration is a technique that allows material at the tip of the syringe to be drawn into the cartridge before and during injection . It is an important manoeuvre as it aids in determining whether or not the tip of the needle is in a blood vessel at the time of injection . Intravascular injections should be avoided during local anaesthesia . Aspiration can be achieved by two methods in dental local anaesthetic cartridges. These are: by withdrawal of the plunger a