1-DCCircuit(直流电路).pptVIP

The circuit element used to model the current-resisting behavior of a material is the 1 . It is the simplest 2 element. George Simon Ohm is credited with formulating the 3 relationship for a resistor based on experiments performed in 1826. This relationship is known as Ohms Law. Ohms Law states that the voltage across a resistor is 4 the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms. The circuit symbol for the resistor is shown in Fig.1. For the current and voltage shown, Ohms Law is u(t) = Ri(t) (1) where R≥0 is the resistance in ohms. Since R is constant, Eq.(1) is the equation of a straight line. For this reason, the resistor is called a linear resistor. A graph of u(t) versus i(t) for a linear resistor is a line passing through the origin with a slope of R. Resistors whose resistances do not remain constant for different terminal current are known as 5 resistors. For such a resistor, the resistance is a function of the current flowing in the device. In reality, all practical resistors are nonlinear because the electrical characteristics of all conductors are affected by environmental factors such as temperature. Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region. Inductors react against changes in current by dropping voltage in the polarity necessary to oppose the change. When an inductor is faced with an increasing current, it acts as a load: dropping voltage as it absorbs energy (negative on the current entry side and positive on the current exit side, like a resistor). The ability of an inductor to store energy in the form of a magnetic field (and consequently to oppose changes in current) is called inductance. It is measured in the unit of the Henry (H). Inductors used to be commonly known by another term: choke. In large power applicat