8-Genetic-Algorithm解说.ppt

* Fitness windowing Same as window scaling, except the amount subtracted is the minimum observed in the n previous generations, with n e.g. 10 Same problems as with scaling * Fitness ranking Individuals are numbered in order of increasing fitness The rank in this order is the adjusted fitness Starting number and increment can be chosen in several ways and influence the results No problems with super-fit or super-unfit Often superior to scaling and windowing * Genetic Algorithm Encoding Fitness Evaluation Reproduction Survivor Selection * Encoding Design alternative ? individual (chromosome) Single design choice ? gene Design objectives ? fitness * Reproduction Reproduction operators Crossover Mutation * Reproduction Crossover Two parents produce two offspring 两个父代产生两个子代 There is a chance that the chromosomes of the two parents are copied unmodified as offspring 子代染色体有可能与父代没有区别 There is a chance that the chromosomes of the two parents are randomly recombined (crossover) to form offspring 子代染色体有可能与父代不同 （废话！） Generally the chance of crossover is between 0.6 and 1.0 一般交叉的几率在 0.6 到 1.0 Mutation There is a chance that a gene of a child is changed randomly 子代基因有可能变异 Generally the chance of mutation is low (e.g. 0.001) 变异几率非常低，例如 0.01 * Reproduction Operators Crossover Generating offspring from two selected parents Single point crossover Two point crossover (Multi point crossover) Uniform crossover * One-point crossover 1 Randomly one position in the chromosomes is chosen Child 1 is head of chromosome of parent 1 with tail of chromosome of parent 2 Child 2 is head of 2 with tail of 1 Parents: 1010001110 0011010010 Offspring: 1010010010 0011001110 Randomly chosen position * Reproduction Operators comparison Single point crossover Cross point ? ? Two point crossover (Multi point crossover) * One-point crossover - Nature * Two-point crossover Parents: 1010001110 0011010010 Offspring: 0101010010 0011001110 Randomly chosen positions Randomly two positions in the chro