纳米技术与高分子分析.ppt

纳米技术与高分子材料Nanoscience and Polymer Materials Nanomaterials（纳米材料） 神奇的奈米材料 Wonderful Nanomaterials Characterization of Nanomaterials Nanomaterials appear different electrical, optical, magnetic, chemical, mechanical, etc. properties from the bulk materials due to the effects of quantum size confinement and high surface area 10 nm diameter ~10% of atoms on the surface 1nm ~100% atoms on the surface Agglomerate of primary particles Measurement of particle size SEM: good for 100 nm, determine the size of secondary particles TEM/HRTEM: good for 1nm-100nm, primary particle size AFM: primary or secondary particle size X-Ray Diffraction: 10-100 nm, indirect method Light Scattering: good for 50 nm X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) Ru and (b)AlRu before and after MA for 32 h Synthesis and Processing Bottom Up - from atom building block up to nanoscale material Atomic or molecular precursors –colloid chemistry, gas-condensation, chemical precipitation, aerosol reactions, biological templating, sol-gel Top down - from bulk material to nanoscale material Bulk precursors - mechanical attrition, crystallization from the amorphous state, phase separation, plasma spray, electrochemical etching Nucleation of supersaturated vapors Au nanoparticles Gold nanoparticles (bright red) have been used by man since the middle ages (唐朝) for ornamental decoration Nissan Luxury car using paint containing Au nanoparticles. Au/SiO2 nanoparticles Dendrimersnanoparticals of organic molecules Functionalized carbon nanotubes Functionalized carbon nanotubes with organic appendages are highly soluble in organic solvents and water M. Prato et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 760 (2002) Application of Nanomaterials US foresees a $1 trillion market by 2015 for nanoproducts ◆ Chemicals Materials Catalysts-Pt nanoparticles for fuel cells Filters and Membranes Coatings and Composites for cars, etc. Fibers-stain/wrinkle resistant khakis, fiber