电磁场与电磁波第6讲基本假设库仑定律高斯定理电位-wb介绍.ppt

summary For a volume charge distribution For a surface charge distribution For a line charge distribution As an example, let us again consider an electric dipole consisting of charges +q and –q with a small separation d. Calculate the electric field intensity produced by the electric dipole. The electric potential at P produced by an electric dipole can be written down directly: Solution: Make a two-dimensional sketch of the equipotential lines and the electric field lines for an electric dipole. * Field and Wave Electromagnetics 电磁场与电磁波 2012. 3. 6 1. Products of Vectors 2. Orthogonal Coordinate Systems Review Cartesian Coordinates Position vector: Arbitrary Vector A: Dot product: Cross product: Differential length : Differential volume : Differential surface : 3. Gradient of a Scalar Field 4. Divergence of a Vector Field 5. Divergence Theorem 6. Curl of a Vector Field 7. Stokes’s Theorem 8. Two Null Identities if then if then 9. Helmholtz’s Theorem Helmholtz’s Theorem: A vector field ( vector point function) is determined to within an additive constant if both its divergence and its curl are specified everywhere. Main topic Static Electric Fields 1. Fundamental Postulates of Electrostatics in Free Space 2. Coulomb’s Law 3. Gauss’s Law and Applications 4. Electric Potential 1. Fundamental Postulates of Electrostatics in Free Space 1.1. Electric field intensity Electirc field intensity is defined as the force per unit charge that a very small stationary test charge experiences when it is placed in a region where an electric field exists. That is, The electric field intensity E is, then proportional to and in the direction of the force F. If F is measured in newtons (N) and charge q in coulombs (C), then E is in newtons per coulomb (N/C), which is the same as volts per meter (V/m). An inverse relation of above Eq. gives the force F on a stationary charge q in an electric field E: 1.2. Fundamental Postulates The two fundamental postulates of electrostatics in fr