(新)2--Lecture17、18Auxiliary答案.ppt

Lecture 1718;Key words ;As has been pointed out before, English verbs, in terms of their functions in forming verb phrases, fall into two major categories: main verbs and auxiliaries. Auxiliaries can again be divided into primary auxiliaries, modal auxiliaries, and semi-auxiliaries.;14 modal auxiliaries (p191) Semi-auxiliaries (p210—211);A survey of the uses of the modals ;;① could 是can的过去式，can表示现在和将来的能力，could在肯定句中用来泛指过去的一般能力；如要表示过去的具体能力通常把could变为be able to；在否定或疑问句中could 和be able to既可表示过去一般能力也可表示过去具体事情的能力。 At that time I could still read without spectacles. (一般能力） He was able to translate the article without a dictionary. (具体能力) I couldn’t play the piano when I was at school. (一般能力） He got so drunk that he couldn’t find the front door. (具体能力） ②表示可能性(can多用于否定和疑问句，could不受此限) It couldn’t /can’t be true. If you don’t have a guide, you could lose your way. 注1：Can/could + have done 表示过去的“可能”，can和could没有时间上的区别，只有口气上婉转程度的差异 She can’t/could have missed the train. ;③委婉提出问题或陈述看法 Could you help me lift this box? ④could + 不定式完成体，表示本可能完成却没有完成的动作。 I could have passed the examination, but I failed. If he had worked harder, he could have finished the work.;II. may 和might 的用法;③用于目的或让步状语从句 Whatever may happen, we are determined to do this work. They left home early so that they might catch the train. （might 作为may 的过去时与left对应） He works hard in order that he may catch up with his classmate. 注：表示过去的可能，用may/might + 不定式完成体或完成进行体。 She may/might have missed the train. 注：用might + 不定式完成体，有时表示本来可能发生但没有发生。 You might have killed yourself. 你差点送了命 ;III. shall 和should 的用法;②表示允诺、命令、坚持(用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的强烈意愿) You shall stay with us as long as you like. 你愿意和我们在一起呆多久就呆多久。 It shall belong to you. 它一定会属于你。 You shall obey my order. 你要服从我的命令。;2. should 的用法;IV. will 和 would 的用法;２．would 的用法;;V. need和dare ;１．need;③need 可用于完成式和进行式 He needn’t have gone there yesterday. （needn’t have done 没有必要做某事但做了） 他昨天其实不必去那里。 We needn’t be waiting for them here. 我们没有必要在这儿等他们。 ;２．dare 的用法 ①表示敢做某事（用于否定句和疑问句）