OverviewoftheImmuneSystem.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Overview of the Immune System;你需要學習的問題： 什麼叫做免疫力 (immunity)? 免疫力有哪兩大類? 什麼叫做先天性免疫力 (innate immunity)? 什麼叫做適應性免疫力 (adaptive immunity)? 先天性免疫反應由哪些成員組成? 有何特色? 適應性免疫反應由哪些成員組成? 有何特色? 先天性免疫力與適應性免疫力如何分工及合作? 當免疫系統失常時，有哪些後果?; Outlines Historical Perspective 歷史的回顧 Early Studies of Humoral and Cellular Immunity 早期關於體液性及細胞性免疫力的研究 Theoretical Challenges 學理上的爭議 Infection and Immunity 感染及免疫力 Innate and Adaptive Immunity 先天性及適應性免疫力 6. Immune Dysfunction and its Consequences 免疫失常及其後果;The immune system evolved to protect multicellular organisms from pathogens. - Pathogens are diverse. - The immune system is highly adaptable. There are two systems of immunity: - Innate immunity - Adaptive immunity Two systems collaborate to protect the body. How to protect? - recognition response;拉丁文 - immunis: exempt 英文- immunity: the state of protection from infectious disease;Historical Perspective;Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 B.C.) 伯羅奔尼撒戰爭 Thucydides 修西迪底斯 (希臘將軍及歷史學家): Only those who had recovered from the plague could nurse the sick because they would not contract the disease a second time. ;免疫學的發展與微生物學及疫苗的應用有很密切的關聯;15th Century: Chinese and Turks Inhale the dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules into the nostrils (吹花) or insert into small cuts in the skin. Variolation (種牛痘) 18th Century: Jenner (1798) Milkmaids who had contracted cowpox (a mild disease) were subsequently immune to smallpox (a disfiguring and often fatal disease). Jenner introduced fluid from a cowpox pustule into people. ;Louis Pasteur (巴斯德，1822 - 1895) The chicken which were injected with fowl cholera bacterium (old culture) survived from a subsequent injection of fresh culture of bacteria. Aging had weakened the virulence of the pathogen. An attenuated (weakened) strain could protect the chickens against the disease. ;Vaccine 疫苗 vacca, meaning cow, in honor of Jenner’s work;1881, va