汽车变速器的设计外文文献翻译.docVIP

PAGE  本科毕业设计（论文） 英文资料翻译 作 者 ：周 杰指导教师 ：孙飞豹（副教授）学科、专业：车辆工程 沈阳理工大学应用技术学院 2011年12月20日  PAGE - 8 - transmission used in automobiles A standard transmission or manual transmission is the traditional type of transmission used in automobiles. The manual or standard transmission consists of a series of gears, synchros, roller bearings, shafts and gear selectors. The main HYPERLINK /articles/how-a-clutch-works clutch assembly is used to engage and disengage the HYPERLINK /articles/how-a-car-engine-works engine from the transmission. Heliacal cut gears are used to select the ratio desired the sector fork move gears from one to another by using the gearshift knob. Synchros are used to slow the gear to a stop before it is engaged to avoid gear grinding, the counter shaft hold the gears in place and against the main input and output shaft. A stick shift transmission has no HYPERLINK /articles/how-a-torque-converter-works torque converter so there is no need for a transmission cooler. A stick shift transmission needs a simple fluid change for proper service. (there is no transmission filter in a stick shift transmission). Transmission Shifter Most manual transmissions have one reverse gear and four to six forward gears. Some cars also have eight forward gears while thirteen to twenty-four gears are present in semi trucks. To differentiate among the available standard transmissions, they are addressed by the number of forward gears. For example, if the standard transmission has five gears, it will be referred to as 5-speed standard transmission or 5-speed standard. Typical Standard Transmission Configuration Inside the transmission shafts contain all forward and reverse gears. Most transmissions contain three shafts: input shaft, output shaft and counter or lay shaft. Other than standard transmission, there are other transmissions like continuously variable transmission, automatic transmission and semi-automatic transmission. In the manual tran