供应链管理(第15讲).pptVIP

CHAPTER 11;8-*;Finding the Lowest-Cost Location;Traditional site location theory can be used to show that one or several locations will minimize transportation costs.;While most solutions to locational problems currently involve computer analysis, such analysis may not be needed if the relevant parameters are not too complex. ;Grid systems can be used to determine an optimal location (defined as the lowest cost) for one additional facility.;Grid systems are checkerboard patterns that are placed on a map, as in Figure8-1, and the grid is numbered in two directions: horizontal and vertical. ;Center-of-gravity approach can be used for locating a single facility so that the distance to existing facilities is minimized. ;Figure 8-1 shows a grid system placed over a map of five existing retail stores. At issue is where a warehousing facility to serve these stores should be located.;Assuming that each store receive the same volume and that straight-line distances are used, the best (lowest-cost) for a warehousing facility to serve the five stores is determined by taking the average north-south coordinates and the average east-west coordinates of the retail stores.;8-*;In this example, the average distance north is (3+1+3+2+3) or 12.This figure is divided by the number of stores (5), resulting in a north location 12/5 or 2.4 miles.;The average distance east is (1+2+3+4+6) or 16; 16 divided by 5 equals 3.2 miles. Thus, the best (lowest-cost) location is one with coordinates 2.4 miles north and 3.2 miles east of point zero.;Because it’s not likely that each store will place equal demands on a prospective warehousing facility, the center-of-gravity approach can be easily modified to take volume into account ―― the weight center-of-gravity approach.;To illustrate the weighted center-of- gravity approach, consider the preceding five-store example, but modify the assumption that each store receives the same volume. ;Assume that store 1 receives 3 tons of shipment; store 2 receiv