中考英语初三被动语态.docVIP

第九讲 被动语态 【学习目标】 掌握被动语态的基本用法，并且记忆相关的特殊情况。 【知识要点】 ☆一、主动语态和被动语态 英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。 例如： We swept the floor. 我们打扫了地板。（主动语态） The floor was swept. 地板被打扫过。（被动语态） 被动语态的构成 一般现在时is/am/are +done 一般过去时was/were +done 一般将来时will be +done 过去将来时would be +done 现在进行时is/am/are being +done 过去进行时was/were being +done 现在完成时has/have been +done 过去完成时had been +done ．什么时候使用被动语态 1) 在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。 例如： The meeting was held last week. 会议上周召开了。 English is taught in all middle schools. 所有中学都开设英语课。 2) 要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。 例如： Teapots are used for drinking.茶壶是饮水用的。 Wheres cotton produced? 棉花产于何地？ The bike was stolen yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午自行车被偷了。 1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 　　例 This kind of cloth washes well. 　　注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 　　试比较：The door wont lock． （指门本身有毛病） 　　The door wont be locked． （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因） 　　2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 　　例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ 　　3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 　　　 例Your reason sounds reasonable 4．在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building. I saw him play football on the playground just now. → He was seen to play football on the playground just now. 5. 有双宾语的句子变成被动语态有两种情况： 间接宾语（人）变成被动语态的主语，直接宾语（物）仍保留原位 例如：He gave me a pen yesterday. → I was given a pen (by him) yesterday. 例如：He gave me a pen yesterday. → A pen was given to me (by him) yesterday. My mother bought me a book last Sunday. → A book was bought for me (by my mother) last Sunday. 6. 动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏了其中的介词或副词 例如：We should listen to the teacher carefully in class. → The teacher should be listene