仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage3-215APRINTEDWX答案.ppt

Used whenever a significant permanent change is expected during the valid time. Temporary Rapid Gradual Rapid change, usually within 1 hour FM More gradual change, usually about 2 hours BECMG NSW (with BECMG or TEMPO) No Significant Weather Used only with forecast of significant weather so as to show a change. PROB group is used when the probability of occurrence is between 30% and 49%. 0104 From 0100Z to 0400Z 2102 From 2100Z to 0200Z ISSUED VALID TYPE OB / FRCST INFO 3X DAILY 18 HOURS FRCST REFER TO NEXT SLIDE FA Covers general weather conditions over several states or a known geographical area Good for enroute weather Issued 3Xs a day Generally 18 hour forecast period 12 hour specific forecast 6 hour CATEGORICAL OUTLOOK: Categorizes wx into LIFR, IFR, MVFR, VFR 1) Heading Section 2) Precautionary Statements 3) Synopsis 4) VFR Clouds and Weather Forecast valid for 12 hours, followed by 6 hour categorical outlook WND (20 knots or greater winds) ISSUED VALID TYPE OB / FRCST INFO 2X DAILY AS SPECIFIED FRCST REFER TO NEXT SLIDE FD Winds are in TRUE direction KNOTS Nine levels between 3,000’ and 39,000’ Temps not forecast for 3,000’ or any level within 2,500’ station elevation Wind not forecast within 1,500’ station elevation Temps above 24,000’ = negative (- is omitted) 9900 is light variable Example Forecast: 1923-14 19 (Wind direction) = 190 degrees 23 (Wind speed) = 23 kts -14 (Temperature) Above 24,000 280730 28 (Wind direction) = 280 degrees 07 (Wind speed) = 7 kts 30 (Temperature) = -30 (automatically negative) When the winds aloft are in excess of 100 KTS, the wind direction will be greater than 360 For example: 731960 - 73: 73 – 50 = 230 (Wind direction) - 19: 100 + 19 = 119 (Wind speed) - 60 = - 60 (Temperature) Subtract 50 from wind direction; add 100 to wind speed; temperatures above 24,000 are automatically negative When the winds aloft are in excess of 200 KTS, the wind direction will be greater than 360 and velocity wil