Ameicanstructuralism精编.pptVIP

Ameican structuralism Bloomfield’s Theory chapter2 -------Behaviorism Part 1 Background The Background of This Ear The Background of This Theory The Background of This Ear Orientation Methodology Attitude Europe Theory-oreinted Deduction Assumption Ameica Practicality Induction Science Boas and Sapir Period (1911-1932) Bloomfieldan period (1933-1950) Post-Bloomfieldian Period (1952-1956) ( 1. Why? 2.what? ) The Background of This Theory Phylosophy Mentalism Behaviorist theory Who? Albert Paul Weiss(1879-1981) Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) JohnB. Watson (1878-1958) Max Meyer (1873-1967) A. P. Weiss (1879–1931) 魏斯 The first psychologist to apply behaviorist psychology to linguistics on the belief that language is a key to understanding human behavior. An early behaviorist 应该根据社会学和心理学 的内容理解行为“生物社会行为主义” Strongly opposed mentanlism. Only valid terms in linguistics are physical and biological terms, allowing on terms like mind or consciousness in liguistic studies. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)巴甫洛夫 俄罗斯生理学家、心理学家、医师。因为对狗研究而首先对古典制约作出描述而著名，并在1904年因为对消化系统的研究得到诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 生于：俄罗斯梁赞 逝于：俄罗斯圣彼得堡 教育背景： 圣彼得堡国立大学 著作： 巴甫洛夫 所获奖项： 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖， 科普利奖章 The theory of conditional reflex John.B. Watson (Locke,Hume)约翰·布罗德斯·华生 All knowledge comes from direct experience;only date obtained from objective and obsevrvable experiments are reliable. Behaviorism is based on the belief that human beings cannot know anything they have not experienced. Conditional responses and unconditional responses.All responses are conditional.We experience all kinds of stimuli and responses. This is stimulus-response theory. All our social behaviors are results of external stimuli and have nothing to do with mind.Learning is only the result of stimuli and responses, because language is a kind of behavior,and so is thought. 美国心理学家，通过动物行为研究而创立了心理学行为主义学派，强调心理学是以客观的态度去研究外在可观察的行为。华生认为，人的所有行为性格都是后天习得，他以宣称能将任意一打健全的婴儿用适当的行为技术创造成想要的任何类型的人而著称。他还进行了有争议的“小艾伯特实验”。