审美生态学的城市环境.docVIP

审美生态学与城市环境 [美]　阿诺德·伯林特　著　程相占　译 山东大学文艺美学研究中心，中国　济南 250100) 分享到 作者与译者在巴黎留影于“景观中的议题：环境、审美参与和公共空间”国际讨论会(2007年5月9-11日)期间 分享到 　内容摘要：生态学已经从其原来的生物学意义扩大为解释人类及其文化环境关系的概念，这种转变已经形成了另外一场科学革命，其重要性堪与哥白尼革命相提并论。都市化已经走向复杂的生态系统模式，它为生存于城市化环境的当代人类提供了一种人性化洞察，对于建设宜居的人建环境具有深远意义。一种充满和善的审美生态学也就是一种有利于审美融合的审美生态学，它能够指导我们修建更富人性的城市环境，使之能够丰富人类生活而成为宜居之地，从而完善人性。郑重考虑审美融合是城市景观人性化的主要步骤。审美融合的价值可以合并到环境体验设计之中，为重建城市景观、使城市景观更加人性化提供指导。 关键词：文化生态学；审美生态学；审美融合；城市化；城市景观 AESTHETIC ECOLOGY AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT Arnold Berleant Abstract: Ecology has transformed from its original biological meaning to its extension as a concept about the relation of humans to their cultural environment.　 This transformation has constituted a scientific revolution comparable in importance to the Copernican and similar to it. Cultural ecology and aesthetic are closely connected. Urbanization has now moved to a sophisticated ecosystematic pattern.　 The ecosystemic model appears to offer a humane vision of living in an urbanized environment. An aesthetic ecological model has profound implications for building environments that promote rich and satisfying lives. A mildly aesthetic ecology, one that encourages aesthetic engagement, offers the direction for building environments that promote rich and satisfying lives. Including aesthetic engagement as a normative consideration would be a major step in humanizing the urban landscape. Aesthetic engagement is thus a value that can be deliberately incorporated into the design of environmental experience, and it can serve as a guide in re-shaping and humanizing the urban landscape. 　 Key Terms: cultural ecology, aesthetic ecology, aesthetic engagement, urbanization, urban landscape 一、生态学及其意义 　 我们对于生态学的理解已经走过了几个阶段。最初，生态学只有生物学意义，意指一种特殊环境中、生物群落的相互依赖；后来，生态学扩大为解释人类及其文化环境关系的概念。影响一个生态系统复杂关系的因素很多，除了物理条件之外，还有社会的、文化的、政治的、法律和经济的。因此，人类文化生态学研究已经开始包括所有这些因素。这种扩大了的生态学视野具有特殊的重要性。它使我们认识到，人类并非站立于自然之外而静观、使用和探索自然。在此意义上，人类被视为自然世界的组成部分；与其它物种一样，人类也完全地被包容在同一个生态系统之中。生态系统有着范围大小之别，小到一个独特地方区域，大到整个地球行星。生态学内涵的这种转变已经形成了另