机械工程专业英语P3-英文版.doc

Engineering drawing is a graphical language used by engineers and other technical personnel associated with the engineering profession. The purpose of engineering drawing is to convey graphically the ideas and information necessary for the construction or analysis of machines ,structures，or systems. In colleges and universities，engineering drawing is usually treated in courses with titles like Engineering Graphics．Sometimes these courses include other topics，such as computer graphics and Nomography The basis for much engineering drawing is orthographic representation projection . Objects are depicted by front, top, side, auxiliary, or oblique views, or combinations of these. The complexity of an object determines the number of views shown. At times, pictorial views are shown. Engineering drawings often include such features as various types of lines, dimensions, lettered notes, sectional views, and symbols. They may be in the form of carefully planned and checked mechanical drawings, or they may be freehand sketches. Usually a sketch precedes the mechanical drawing. Final drawings are usually made on tracing paper, cloth or Mylar film, so that many copies can be made quickly and cheaply by such processes as, blueprinting, ammonia-developed printing, or lithography. Many objects have complicated interior details which cannot be clearly shown by means of front, top, side, or pictorial views. Section views enable the engineer or detailer to show the interior detail in such cases. Features of section drawings are cutting-plane symbols, which show where imaginary cutting planes are passed to produce the sections, and section- lining sometimes called cross-hatching , which appears in the section view on all portions that have been in contact with the cutting plane. When only a part of the object is to be shown in section, conventional representation such as a revolved, rotated, or broken-out section is used. Details such as flat surface, knurls,