辐射第5章.ppt

第一章 电磁现象的基本规律 入射光子能量 ，气体云半径 ，电子密度 ，光深 ，单位相空间体积、单位时间从云中逃逸的光子数： 对 ，稳态下： 。假定一幂律谱 ，则： §5.6 热电子与辐射场的相互作用-康普顿化过程 极不饱和： ， 。如：SZ效应 微波背景光子与星系团中的非相对论性热气体散射。在星系团中心通过X射线观测，发现存在大量的电离气体，通过韧致辐射，产生X射线。这些气体不仅通过韧致辐射，也对宇宙微波背景辐射产生逆康普顿散射。提高短波端流量，减小BB谱长波端流量。 §5.6 热电子与辐射场的相互作用-康普顿化过程 §5.5 逆康普顿散射的辐射谱 On dividing one equation by the other, a number of factors cancel ( ) and . This gives: All of the parameters in the right hand side of the above equation are observable, except for . We shall see later how we can put constraints on . §5.5 逆康普顿散射的辐射谱 The parameter is also directly estimable from the peak surface brightness of the emitting region. Example on Cygnus A hot spots X-ray image (contours) of Cygnus A overlaid on the radio image The bright X-ray regions are coincident with the radio hot spots. §5.5 逆康普顿散射的辐射谱 The radio and X-ray spectrum (in the form of fluence) of the brightest hot spot in Cygnus A. The “bowtie” represents the region of allowable X-ray slopes. The solid lines show model fits to the data. However, we can estimate the magnetic field using the data from this plot. §5.5 逆康普顿散射的辐射谱 For example take the point at The following information on the radio source gives us the value of the energy density of the radio emission in the hot spot. §5.5 逆康普顿散射的辐射谱 The value of the magnetic field, evaluated using equation Note that the slope of the spectrum implied by the “bowtie” is not the same as the slope of the radio spectrum. In the model shown in the figure, this is the result of the X-ray emission being affected by the “end effects” referred to earlier. Nevertheless estimates such as these are quite useful for the starting points of detailed models. §5.5 逆康普顿散射的辐射谱 The peak surface brightness of the hot spot can be evaluated from the flux per beam and the beam size and these parameters can be used t