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E光的量子性
* §1 Heat radiation Black body Kirchhoff law §2 The law of black body Radiation §3 The theoretical explanation of the law of black body radiation —Planck hypothesis §4 The Photoelectric effect Einstein’s photon theory §5 Einstein’s equation Photons §6 Compton scattering and the explanation Chapter 21 Quantum nature of light Introduction From the end of the 19th century to the early of 20th century, the research about nature came into microscopic field when Einstein put forward the relativity. The major object being researched is not macro matter but microscopic particle.从19世纪末到20世纪初,在爱因斯坦提出相对论的同时,人类对自然界的研究进入了微观领域,研究的主要对象已不再是宏观物体,而是微观粒子. It made physicists break away from the theory structure of classic physics and seek for new solvent that classic physics can not explain a series fateful experiments. The resultant is the born of quantum theory.一系列重大的实验都无法用经典物理学的理论来解释,迫使物理学家们跳出传统的经典物理学的理论框架,去寻找新的解决途径,从而导致量子理论的诞生。 One of the open questions at the beginning of the twentieth century was to find an explanation for the dependence on temperature of the spectral distribution of a heated black body. 20世纪初一个未解决的问题就是寻找加热黑体的谱线随温度分布的解释。 In order to explain the blackbody radiation-law that could not be solved by classic theory, Planck induced the concept of energy quantum in 1900, laying the foundation for quantum theory. 1900年,普朗克为了解决经典理论解释黑体辐射规律的困难,引入了能量子的概念,为量子理论奠定了基础。 To counter the contradiction between the experiment law of photoelectric effect and classic theory, Einstein not only put forward the hypothesis of light quantum爱因斯坦针对光电效应实验与经典理论的矛盾,提出了光量子的假说, but also applied the concept in the problem of solid specific heat. It opened up the situation for the development of quantum theory. 并在固体比热问题上成功地应用了能量子的概念,为量子理论的进一步发展打开了局面. Based on the nuclear model of Rutherford, Bohr explained the hydrogen atomic spectrum by using the concept of quantization in 1913. It made the early quantum theory achieved huge success and settled the
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