ch2 E-R模型.ppt

Chapter 2: Entity-Relationship Model第二章：实体-联系模型 Entity Sets实体集 Relationship Sets联系集 Design Issues 模型设计 Mapping Constraints 映射约束 Keys码 E-R图E-R Diagram Extended E-R Features扩展E-R功能 E-R数据库模式的设计Design of an E-R Database Schema E-R模式转换成表时的缩减Reduction of an E-R Schema to Tables Entity Sets实体集 A database can be modeled as:数据库可由下列内容模型化 a collection of entities,实体集合 relationship among entities.实体间的关系 An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects.实体是现关存在的、可与其他对象相区别的对象 Example: specific person, company, event, plant例如：指定的人、公司、事件、工厂 实体有属性Entities have attributes Example: people have names and addresses例如：人有姓名和地址 An entity set is a set of entities of the same type that share the same properties.实体集是拥有相同特性的同类型实体的集合 Example: set of all persons, companies, trees, holidays例如所有人、公司、树、节假日的集合， Entity Sets customer and loan实体集：客户和贷款 Attributes属性 An entity is represented by a set of attributes, that is descriptive properties possessed by all members of an entity set.实体由属性集表示，该集合描述了实体集中所有成员所拥有的特性 Example:例如 customer = (customer-id, customer-name, customer-street, customer-city)客户=（客户号，客户名，客户所在街道，客户所在城市） loan = (loan-number, amount)贷款=（贷款号，贷款金额） Domain – the set of permitted values for each attribute 域——每个属性取值范围 Attribute types:属性类型 Simple and composite attributes.单个和组合属性 Single-valued and multi-valued attributes单值和多值属性 E.g. multivalued attribute: phone-numbers例：多值属性：电话号码 Derived attributes派生属性 Can be computed from other attributes由其他属性计算而得 E.g. age, given date of birth例如“年龄”可以得出“出生年份” Composite Attributes组合属性 Relationship Sets关系集 A relationship is an association among several entities关系是若干实体间的关联Example:例如 Hayes depositor A-102 customer entity relationship set account entity 贺氏（客户实体） 储户（关系集） A-102（帐目实体） A relationship set is a mathematical relation among n ? 2 entities, each taken from entity sets关系集是两个以上实体间的数学关系（所有实体来取自实体集） {(e1, e2, … en) | e1 ? E1, e2 ? E2, …, en ? En}where (e1, e2, …, en) is a relationshi