安徽省农作物秸秆养分资源和农业利用方式的调查.pdf

摘 要 安徽省是农业大省，2011 年全省实有耕地面积 418.1 万公顷，粮食综合生产 能力达到 3135.5 万 t。2011 年生产秸秆 5262.9 万 t，主要是稻草、麦秸和玉米秸， 三者占秸秆总量的 82.7%。安徽省的秸秆资源主要分布在淮北地区和江淮地区， 为 1748.4 万 t 和 1648.7 万 t，各占全省资源的 40.7%和 38.4%。秸秆中也蕴藏着 丰富的养分资源，2011 年安徽省秸秆中含有养分资源 146.6 万 t，其中 N、P2O5、 K2O 分别为 47.9 万 t、15.0 万 t、90.4 万 t，相当于 103.2 万 t 尿素（总氮≥46.4%）、 125 万 t 过磷酸钙（有效磷 P2O5≥12%）、158.6 万 t 氯化钾（K2O≥57%），价值约 45.8 亿元。然而，秸秆资源的不合理利用，不但造成了巨大的浪费，也给生态环 境造成了严重的污染。据调查，有近一半的秸秆在田间随意焚烧和堆积，这种处 理方式不仅造成了资源的浪费，而且容易造成火灾风险与环境污染，对交通运输、 农田生态、人类健康和周围植物的生长均会造成不利影响。 本文通过查阅、了解国内外秸秆资源的利用现状、方法，同时计算出安徽省 秸秆资源数量和养分含量，调查秸秆资源的利用状况，找出安徽省秸秆利用过程 中存在的问题；结合安徽省秸秆综合利用规划，提出适合安徽省实际状况的秸秆 利用方式。 通过本文的研究，提出一系列措施来促进秸秆的综合利用，对于创造经济效 益，构建资源节约型和环境友好型社会具有重要的战略意义和重大的现实意义。 关键词：安徽省；秸秆；养分资源；调查 I Abstract Anhui Province is one of the important bases of commodity grain in China. It has fertile soil and its cultivated area amounts to 4181000hm2 , the comprehensive grain production capacity up to 31.355Mt and the straw production capacity up to 52.629Mt . The main straw are rice straw 、wheat straw and corn straw , accounted for 82.7% of the total. The straw resources are mainly distributed in the Huaibei region and Jianghuai region, each has 17.484Mt and 16.487Mt straw , accounted for 40.7% and 38.4% respectively of resources. At the same time, straw also contains rich nutrient resources, straw contains nutrient resource 1.466Mt, including 0.479Mt N,0.15Mt P2O5, 0.904Mt K2O, which equivalent to 1.032Mt urea ( N≥ 46.4% ), 1.25Mt superphosphate phosphorus ( P2O5 ≥ 12% ) and 1.586Mt potassium chloride ( K2O ≥ 57% ), worth about 4.58 billion yuan. However, the irrational use of the straw resources, not only caused a great waste, but also caused serious pollution to the ecological environment. According to the survey, nearly half of the straw were burned and accumulated in the field. The method of the straw disposal causes waste of resources, fire risk and air pollution, which has adverse effect in transportation， farmland ecosystem，reside