1market.pptVIP

课程介绍 中英文相结合 （英文ppt，中文授课，同时对经济学术语加以中文释义） 课程难度 （中级微观经济学，适当提高） 课程考核方式 方式不变：课下作业 (比重 30%)随堂期中考试 (比重 30%)期末考试 (比重 40%) 两次课一次作业：下一次课前交给助教 助教：闫晓芳 教 材 哈尔·R.范里安，《微观经济学：现代观点》（第七版），2009。 Fields of microeconomics Industrial organization (Game theory) Labor market economics Development economics Economics of crime, transaction costs economics Environmental economics Public economics Information economics (Game theory) —— Course Outline Consumer theory (消费理论) Producer theory (生产理论) Market equilibrium (市场均衡) Special topics on equilibrium Chapter One第一章市场 The Market --- Appreciating Economic Modeling 参阅：教材第一章 The Purpose of this Chapter To begin to understand the art of building an economic model To begin to understand some basic elements of modeling in economics: Environment（环境） What causes what in economic systems? Which variables are determined outside the model (exogenous外生变量) Which variables are to be determined by the model (endogenous内生变量) Purpose（目标）——（效用最大化？利润最大化？） Simplification through assumptions（经由假设来简化分析） Value judgment （价值判断） The Purpose of an Economic Model The purpose of an economic model is to help provide precise insights (精确的洞察力）on a specific economic phenomenon. Thus: Different phenomena needs different model; Similar phenomena may use same basic model, just relax or change the assumption; Simplification by assumption is necessary Modeling the Apartment Market Central question: How are apartment rents determined? Suppose (simplifying assumptions) apartments are close or distant, but otherwise identical（其他条件相同，住房无非远或者近） distant apartments rents are exogenous and known（外生变量：距离远的住房） close apartments rents are endogenous and unknown (内生变量) many potential renters and landlords, i.e., competitive market（许多潜在的租赁者和房东，竞争的市场环境） A Normative Question Will the allocation of apartments be desirable? Need to know: Who will rent close apartments? At what price? Two Principles in Economics Optimization（最优化）: Each person tries to choose the best alternat