强力手段.pptVIP

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  • 2016-08-20 发布于河南
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强力手段

强力手段 强力手段 在运动生理学上将能够提高运动成绩的物质或技术(训练除外),统称为提高运动能力的辅助手段。 一般来讲,“强力手段”即用以提高对运动十分重要的生理学、心理学和生物力学功能的特殊物质和处理方法。 强力手段可以分为五类 营养学手段 生理学手段 心理学手段 药理学手段 机械手段和生物力学手段 Proposed ergogenic aids -Pharmacological agents(药理手段) Alcohol(酒精) Amphetamines(安非他明) Beta blockers(β 阻断剂) Caffeine(咖啡因) Cocaine and marijuana(可卡因和大麻) Diuretics(利尿剂) Nicotine(尼古丁) Proposed ergogenic aids -Hormones(激素) Anabolic steroids(合成类固醇) Human growth hormone(生长素) Oral contraceptive (口服避孕药) Proposed ergogenic aids -Physiological agents(生理手段) Blood doping(血液兴奋剂) Erythropoietin(促红细胞生成素) Oxygen(氧) Warm-up and temperature variations Aspartic acid salts(天门冬氨酸盐) Bicarbonate loading(碳酸氢盐储备) Phosphate loading(磷酸盐储备) Proposed ergogenic aids -Nutritional agents and substances (营养手段和物质) Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) Protein(蛋白质) Fats(脂肪) Vitamins and minerals(维生素和矿物质) Water and special beverages(水及专门饮料) Proposed ergogenic aids -Psychological phenomena(心理现象) Hypnosis(催眠术) Covert rehearsal or mental practice(心理暗示或心理练习) Stress management (压力应对) Proposed ergogenic aids - Mechanical factors(机械因素) Clothing(衣服) Equipment(设备) Environment-structures and surfaces(环境的结构与表面) Proposed mechanism through which ergogenic aids might work - Act on muscle fibers (作用与肌纤维) Anabolic steroids(合成类固醇) Growth hormone(生长素) Protein(蛋白质) Proposed mechanism through which ergogenic aids might work -Act on heart and circulation (作用与心脏和循环) Alcohol(酒精) Beta blockers( β 阻断剂) Amphetamines(安非他明) Caffeine(咖啡因) Cocaine and marijuana(可卡因和大麻) Proposed mechanism through which ergogenic aids might work- Counteract CNS inhibition (对抗中枢神经抑制) Anabolic steroids(合成类固醇) Amphetamines (安非他明) Proposed mechanism through which ergogenic aids might work- Counteract or delay onset or perception of fatigue(对抗或延迟疲劳感觉) Amphetamines(安非他明) Aspartic acid salts(天门冬氨酸盐) Bicarbonate loading(碳酸盐储备) Phosphate loading (磷酸盐储备) Proposed mechanism through which ergogenic aids might work- External mechanical factors (外部机械因素) Clothing to reduce air or water resistance(降低空气或水的阻力的服装) Playing sur

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