语言测试备课笔记.docVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction Test-taker characteristics Language background，Age， Sex， Educational background，Background knowledge ，Affective reactions to test taking，Level of proficiency in the target language ， Familiarity with the test method Chapter 2 Types of language tests Measurement is the process of quantifying the characteristics of persons according to explicit procedures and rules. Quantification定量: the assigning of numbers Characteristics定性: assign numbers to physical and mental characteristics of persons Physical attributes: height, weight Mental attributes: intelligence, motivation, achievement in reading comprehension Rules and procedures: an observation of an attribute must be replicable for other observers, in other contexts and with other individuals Types of measurement scales and their properties Properties 特性 Nominal scale 称名量表 Ordinal scale 顺序量表 Interval scale 等距量表 Ratio scale 比率量表 Distinctiveness 区别性 + + + + Ordering 序列性 – + + + Equal intervals 等距性 – – + + Absolute zero point 绝对零点 – – – + Quantifying the characteristics of persons according to procedures and rules Objects 客体 Attributes 属性 Rules 法则 Numbers 数字 Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 Student 5 Sex Male students 1 Female students 0 1 0 0 1 0 Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 Student 5 Height Barefoot 169 cm 165 cm 170 cm 172 cm 166 cm Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 Student 5 Reading ability Reading comprehension test 68 75 86 67 57 A test is a measurement instrument designed to elicit sample of an individual’s behavior. Evaluation can be defined as the systematic gathering of information for the purpose of making decisions. The probability of making the correct decision in any given situation is a function not only of the ability of the decision maker, but also of the quality of the information upon which the decision is based. Relationships among measurement, test, and evaluation 1. An example of evaluation that does not involve either tests or measu