沉船沉物强制打捞清责任主体法律问题研究.doc

摘 要 关于沉船沉物强制打捞清除责任主体，国际公约和各国的国内立法都没有完备的法律规定，我国在这方面的规定也是陈旧且零散，而且过于原则和笼统，已不能满足司法实践的需求。立法的滞后性要求我们重新审视强制打捞清除这一课题，本文以建立完善而科学的沉船沉物强制打捞清除责任主体制度，并为之提供一套理性的和可操作性的法律规范为目标，以法理学、民法学、行政法学、法经济学的基础理论为指导，立足于解决我国现有沉船沉物强制打捞清除责任主体制度中存在的主要问题，借鉴学界已有的理论研究成果和国际上有关《200年内罗毕国际残骸清除公约》立法过程中的研究成果和立法例，运用社会调查方法、价值分析方法、比较分析方法、经济分析方法、历史考察分析方法等法学研究方法，对残骸强制打捞清除责任主体法律问题的基础理论和主要法律制度作了系统、全面和深入的研究，并针对我国沉船沉物强制打捞清除法律制度的完善提出了相应的立法建议。 论文共分为四章 阐述了有关沉船沉物强制打捞清除责任主体制度的国内外立法现状和存在的主要问题，为构建新的沉船沉物打捞清除责任主体认定制度提供依据。 第二章从公法理论、私法理论、利益平衡理论以及法律关系理论对沉船沉物强制打捞清除责任主体认定问题进行了分析论证，从而为构建起一种合理易行的责任主体认定机制提供理论依据。 第三章提出了沉船沉物强制打捞责任主体是船舶所有人、经营人和光船承租人，并分析了他们所承担的义务。 第四章分别对强制打捞清除责任基金制度和责任限制制度进行了分析研究，并进而提出完善沉船沉物强制打捞责任主体承担责任的保障机制。 ：沉船沉物强制打捞清除责任主体ABSTRACT There are no perfect regulations in international conventions or in national laws in regard to who should be responsible for compulsory wreck removal. In our country, the rules in this field are old-fashioned and fragmentary. Most of them are of general nature, which can not meet the needs of judicial practice. This makes it necessary to review the legal issue of compulsory wreck removal. This dissertation aims at establishing a perfect legal system for the issue of who should be responsible for compulsory wreck removal and at drafting a set of rational and practical rules thereof. With a hope to solve the main problems existing in the present legal system of our country on compulsory wreck removal, guided by the basic theories of jurisprudence, civil law, administrative law as well as economics in law, making full use of the products of research work in this field and taking into consideration the achievements in study of the International Convention for Wreck Removal 2007 and in related national legislation, this dissertation does a systematic and comprehensive research on the theory and practice of who should be responsible for compulsory wreck removal and it also makes some detailed suggestions on improving the present legal system of our country on compulsory wreck removal.