force and motion.pptVIP

* Force and Motion Newton’s First Law Newton’s Second Law Newton’s Third Law Application of Newton’s Laws Chapter 5-6 Newton’s Laws and Their Applications 5.4-5.6 Newton’s Law Galileo’s Thought Experiment Newton’s First Law: If no force acts on a body, the body’s velocity cannot change; that is, the body cannot accelerate. or A free particle will keep moving with constant velocity. Inertia （惯性） Inertial reference frame: a reference frame in which the Newton’s first law is valid. Newton’s Second Law: Change of motion is proportional to the force and take place in the direction of the straight line in which the force acts. or The net force on a body is equal to the product of the body’s mass and its acceleration. Inertia and Inertial mass (惯性与惯性质量): When same force is applied, a body with larger acceleration is said with smaller inertia. Larger acceleration means greater change rate of velocity, or a body is easier to change its state of motion. Inertial mass is introduced as a measure of inertia. Operational definition of mass stems from E.Mach Newton’s Third Law: When two bodies interact, the force on the bodies from each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Applications of Newton’s Laws Routine procedures of problem-solving by Newton’s laws are: Identify the body to whose motion the problem refers; 确定研究对象 Examine forces and their nature; Draw separate diagram of the body alone; 分析受力， Construct reference frame (origin, axes); Establish equation of motion, find geometric relation; 建立坐标系， 确定运动方程，几何条件 Approximation and solution. 近似，求解 Some particular Forces The Gravitational Force Friction Tension Restoring force Frictional drag Viscosity force The Gravitational Force Friction normal force Restoring force Hook’s law: Simple Harmonic Oscillation (简谐振动) *