王长喜老师考研15堂语法课第15堂_as专题.docVIP

LECTURE 15 as专题 本堂目标：学会识别as作介词、副词、连词、关系代词的用法，重点掌握as在否定结构中的译法以及与as相关的特殊结构。 基础预习…as…“把…定义为…”，view…as…“把…看作…”，see…as…“把…看作…”，regard…as…“把…当作…”，think of…as…“把…看作…”，refer to…as…“把…称作…”，use…as…“把…用 作…”，classify…as…“把…划规为…”等等。需要注意的是这些动词也可以转化为名词与as搭配，同时as后面除可以接名词或名词短语外，还可以接形容词。 【例1】（06-翻译） I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems. 【点睛】本句中含有两个as结构：define…as与elect as。后一个as结构中的，elect后面的宾语为the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,因为这个宾语较长，因此被后置，正常的语序为elected the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems as his primary duty and pleasure in life。 【译文】我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和乐趣的人。 It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. 【点睛】本句结构较复杂，主要分析as的用法。这里有三个as搭配：define ...as；explain...as；reclassify...as。define的宾语是what引导的从句what ... weakness of will，该宾语被后置；explain的宾语是what，所以原本结构为explained (what) as weakness of will这个宾语被前置了；reclassifying的宾语是一个由what引导的从句what...failings，这个宾语未被后置。 【译文】令人担忧的是：社会正在将越来越多的行为问题医学化，常常把以前严厉的前辈们解释为意志薄弱的行为定义为“上瘾”。由于受到科学（或所谓的科学）的推动，我们的社会正在重新把过去所认为的性格缺陷或道德缺失划为与生理缺陷相关的个人疾病。 【例3】(06-Text 1) The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as “a graveyard for language.” 【点睛】我们可以说describe...as...，而这里是把动词describe名词化了，所以有：the description of America as。 【译文】移民的子女们往往都使用双语，并且精通英语。“到了第三代，他们原来的语言在大多数移民家庭中消失了”。因此美国又被称为“语言墓场”。 【例4】（06-Text 4） But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, wors