闫伟杰_20121014305_矩阵对角化的方法及相关应用.doc

河南科技学院 2016届本科毕业论文 论文题目：矩阵对角化的方法及相关应用 学生姓名： 闫伟杰 所在院系： 数学科学学院 所学专业： 数学与应用数学 导师姓名： 李巧萍 完成时间： 2016年5月10日  摘 要 在古代，著名的著作《九章算术》中已经有类似于矩阵的运用，虽然没有给出具体的定义但这种思想极大地推动了我国数学的发展，使我国古代数学在数学发展史上占有一席之地。如今，矩阵作为数学学科中的基础理论,其理论的重要性不言而喻，在实际生活中也是必不可少的工具。对角矩阵作为较简单的矩阵之一，无论是探索矩阵本身还是实际应用都有很深的研究价值。考虑到本文的阅读对象，因此在理论上不做过多的推导，而是侧重于介绍三对角矩阵、分块对角矩阵的应用以及矩阵对角化的方法及其应用。文章通过结合理论与实际来展开阐述，通过讲述追赶法求解三对角方程组、利用矩阵的特征值、特征向量求解矩阵和在工业与环境等方面应用的例子来表明矩阵对角化的重要性。 关键词：对角矩阵,三对角矩阵，矩阵对角化,特征值,特征向量 Abstract In ancient times, there existing similar using of matrix in the famous work,“Nine Chapters On The mathematical Art” although it didn’t give a concrete definition , this kind of thought has greatly promoted the development of mathematics in our nation, which made the ancient mathematics had a place in the history of mathematics development. Nowadays, matrix, as the fundamental theory in mathematics, the importance of the theory is self-evident,and it is also a indispensable tool in actual life.Diagonal matrix,as one of the simple matrix, which has a deep research and practical application value.Considering the reading object of this article, therefor,it has no too much derivation in theory,but focuses on introduction of tridiagonal matrix ,the application of block diagonal matrix and matrix diagonalization method and its application.By combining theory with practice to give discussion, by telling chase-after method to solve tridiagonal equations, based on the matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector of solving matrix and application in industrial and environmental aspects such as examples to show the importance of matrix diagonalization. Keywords：Diagonal matrix, Tridiagonal matrix, Matrix diagonalization,Eigenvalue, Eigenvector 目 录 摘要...............................................................I Abstract..........................................................II 目录.............................................................II